Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Lactobacillus Species dari Susu Kambing Peternakan Lokal

Mikrobiota susu kambing dapat mencakup bakteri asam laktat (BAL), khususnya Lactobacillus spp., yang berpotensi sebagai kandidat probiotik dan dapat dipergunakan dalam berbagai produk fermentasi. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi BAL, khususnya Lactobacillus spp., dari susu kambing yang berasal dari peternakan lokal. Pada awalnya, didapatkan 25 isolat BAL dari susu kambing lokal. Semua isolat dikarakterisasi sesuai Bergey’s Manual of Systematics Archaea and Bacteria, yang dimulai dengan pewarnaan Gram, endospora dan ketahanan asam. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas biokimia (uji aktivitas katalase, uji aktivitas hemolitik, serta uji fermentasi karbohidrat) dan uji ketahanan isolat terhadap berbagai konsentrasi NaCl, pH dan suhu. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, isolat B4 dan B6 dipilih untuk diidentifikasi lebih lanjut. Kedua isolat menunjukkan kemiripan karakteristik dengan Lactobacillus spp., yaitu berbentuk basil atau kokobasil, Gram positif, tidak membentuk spora, tidak tahan asam, katalase negatif, tidak memfermentasi manitol, sensitif terhadap konsentrasi NaCl tinggi, serta tumbuh optimum pada pH 5.5-6.2 dan pada suhu 37-45°C. Identifikasi kedua isolat berdasarkan sekuens 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat B4 adalah Lacticaseibacillus paracasei dan isolat B6 adalah Limosilactobacillus fermentum. Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa susu kambing peternakan lokal dapat menjadi sumber alternatif untuk mendapatkan isolat Lactobacillus spp

IL-1β Production through the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Hepatic Macrophages Links Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Liver Inflammation and Disease

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease. Liver inflammation underlies infection-induced fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer but the processes that promote hepatic inflammation by HCV are not defined. We provide a systems biology analysis with multiple lines of evidence to indicate that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production by intrahepatic macrophages confers liver inflammation through HCV-induced inflammasome signaling. Chronic hepatitis C patients exhibited elevated levels of serum IL-1β compared to healthy controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of healthy control and chronic hepatitis C liver sections revealed that Kupffer cells, resident hepatic macrophages, are the primary cellular source of hepatic IL-1β during HCV infection. Accordingly, we found that both blood monocyte-derived primary human macrophages, and Kupffer cells recovered from normal donor liver, produce IL-1β after HCV exposure. Using the THP-1 macrophage cell-culture model, we found that HCV drives a rapid but transient caspase-1 activation to stimulate IL-1β secretion. HCV can enter macrophages through non-CD81 mediated phagocytic uptake that is independent of productive infection. Viral RNA triggers MyD88-mediated TLR7 signaling to induce IL-1β mRNA expression. HCV uptake concomitantly induces a potassium efflux that activates the NLRP3 inflammasome for IL-1β processing and secretion. RNA sequencing analysis comparing THP1 cells and chronic hepatitis C patient liver demonstrates that viral engagement of the NLRP3 inflammasome stimulates IL-1β production to drive proinflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and immune-regulatory gene expression networks linked with HCV disease severity. These studies identify intrahepatic IL-1β production as a central feature of liver inflammation during HCV infection. Thus, strategies to suppress NLRP3 or IL-1β activity could offer therapeutic actions to reduce hepatic inflammation and mitigate disease

Activated macrophages promote hepatitis C virus entry in a tumor necrosis factor-dependent manner

10.1002/hep.26911Hepatology5941320-133

Toll-Like Receptor 8 Agonist and Bacteria Trigger Potent Activation of Innate Immune Cells in Human Liver

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.The study was supported by a Grant core funding from the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR, Singapore) and a Singapore Translational Research Investigator Award (NRMC/StaR/013/2012) to AB as well as NIHR Biomedical Centre, Oxford, WT 091663MA, NIAID1U19AI082630-01, Oxford Martin School funding and an NIHR Senior Investigator award to PK

Genetically-engineered T cells to treat viral hepatitis-associated liver cancer: is it possible?

Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy is gaining credibility and popularity as a potential tool to cure cancer. Genetic engineering utilization of this therapeutic mode currently comes in the forms of chimeric antigen receptor- and T-cell receptor-engineered T cells. This short review focuses on opportunities to use engineered T cells to treat viral hepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Genetically-engineered T cells to treat viral hepatitis-associated liver cancer: is it possible?

Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy is gaining credibility and popularity as a potential tool to cure cancer. Genetic engineering utilization of this therapeutic mode currently comes in the forms of chimeric antigen receptor- and T-cell receptor-engineered T cells. This short review focuses on opportunities to use engineered T cells to treat viral hepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Role of cellular immunity in cow's milk allergy : pathogenesis, tolerance induction, and beyond

Food allergy is an aberrant immune-mediated reaction against harmless food substances, such as cow's milk proteins. Due to its very early introduction, cow's milk allergy is one of the earliest and most common food allergies. For this reason cow's milk allergy can be recognized as one of the first indications of an aberrant inflammatory response in early life. Classically, cow's milk allergy, as is true for most other allergies as well, is primarily associated with abnormal humoral immune responses, that is, elevation of specific immunoglobulin E levels. There is growing evidence indicating that cellular components of both innate and adaptive immunity play significant roles during the pathogenesis of cow's milk allergy. This is true for the initiation of the allergic phenotype (stimulation and skewing towards sensitization), development and outgrowth of the allergic disease. This review discusses findings pertaining to roles of cellular immunity in allergic inflammation, and tolerance induction against cow's milk proteins. In addition, a possible interaction between immune mechanisms underlying cow's milk allergy and other types of inflammation (infections and noncommunicable diseases) is discussed

Role of Cellular Immunity in Cow's Milk Allergy: Pathogenesis, Tolerance Induction, and Beyond

Food allergy is an aberrant immune-mediated reaction against harmless food substances, such as cow's milk proteins. Due to its very early introduction, cow's milk allergy is one of the earliest and most common food allergies. For this reason cow's milk allergy can be recognized as one of the first indications of an aberrant inflammatory response in early life. Classically, cow's milk allergy, as is true for most other allergies as well, is primarily associated with abnormal humoral immune responses, that is, elevation of specific immunoglobulin E levels. There is growing evidence indicating that cellular components of both innate and adaptive immunity play significant roles during the pathogenesis of cow's milk allergy. This is true for the initiation of the allergic phenotype (stimulation and skewing towards sensitization), development and outgrowth of the allergic disease. This review discusses findings pertaining to roles of cellular immunity in allergic inflammation, and tolerance induction against cow's milk proteins. In addition, a possible interaction between immune mechanisms underlying cow's milk allergy and other types of inflammation (infections and noncommunicable diseases) is discussed

Identification of peptides with tolerogenic potential in a hydrolysed whey-based infant formula

10.1111/cea.13223Clinical & Experimental Allergy48101345-1353Complete